The 20 million Muslims in Russia are members of the various indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation, e.g. the Tatars, Chechens, Daghestanis, etc.; they have their own autonomous regions or republics where they have roots and where they compactly reside. Since the Jews there are not an indigenous minority that has its own republic, they cannot protect themselves in their own region like, for example, the Tatars.

There's the Birobidzhan oblast', but Jews are a tiny minority of the population there, mostly older people. However, that Siberian territory was artificially created by Stalin; it's obviously not the historical homeland of the Jews.