'The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East Almut Nebel,1 Dvora Filon,2 Bernd Brinkmann,4 Partha P. Majumder,5 Marina Faerman,3 and Ariella Oppenheim1 1Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 2Hadassah University Hospital, and 3Laboratory of Biological Anthropology and Ancient DNA, Hebrew UniversityHadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem; 4Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany; and 5Anthropology and Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta .... Previous investigations based on binary Y chromosome polymorphisms suggested a common origin for Jewish and non-Jewish populations living in the Middle East (Santachiara-Benerecetti et al. 1993; Hammer et al. 2000). Our recent study of high-resolution microsatellite haplotypes demonstrated that a substantial portion of Y chromosomes of Jews (70%) and of Palestinian Muslim Arabs (82%) belonged to the same chromosome pool (Nebel et al. 2000). Of those Palestinian chromosomes, approximately one-third formed a group of very closely related haplotypes that were only rarely found in Jews. Altogether, the findings indicated a remarkable degree of genetic continuity in both Jews and Arabs, despite their long separation and the wide geographic dispersal of Jews. .. We propose that the Y chromosomes in Palestinian Arabs and Bedouin represent, to a large extent, early lineages derived from the Neolithic inhabitants of the area and additional lineages from more-recent population movements. The early lineages are part of the common chromosome pool shared with Jews (Nebel et al. 2000). According to our working model, the more-recent migrations were mostly from the Arabian Peninsula, as is seen in the Arab-specific Eu 10 chromosomes that include the modal haplotypes observed in Palestinians and Bedouin. These haplotypes and their one-step microsatellite neighbors constitute a substantial portion of the total Palestinian (29%) and Bedouin (37.5%) Y chromosome pools and were not found in any of the non-Arab populations in the present study. The peripheral position of the modal haplotypes, with few links in the network (fig. 5), suggests that the Arab-specific chromosomes are a result of recent gene flow. Historical records describe tribal migrations from Arabia to the southern Levant in the Byzantine period, migrations that reached their climax with the Muslim conquest 633-640 A.D.; Patrich 1995). Indeed, Arab-specific haplotypes have been observed at significant frequencies in Muslim Arabs from Sena (56%) and the Hadramaut (16%) in the Yemen (Thomas et al. 2000). Thus, although Y chromosome data of Arabian populations are limited, it seems very likely that populations from the Arabian Peninsula were the source of these chromosomes. ..' http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v69n5/013033/013033.html

I am glad that the fascist, racist sow from N.J has no delicate "sensibilities". I have always wanted to label her thus and am pleased that she has given me this opportunity.

It used to be, in Israel's history, that they would set aside special days and festivals and prayers for VICTORIES. When Joshua was leader and general of the armed forces, he built a stone alter in the bed of the Jordan. Additionally, these days were marked and memorialized because of acts they attributed to G-d working on their behalf. But in modern Israel, the opposite happens. Days are marked for devastations, not victories. Days are marked with lamentations, not praises. Days are marked wherein G-d did not intervene. But the day is coming when all of these days will no longer be marked. These days will be replaced with the marks of the resurrected, living breathing Israel.

Your #1: It's not my demographic issue. It's our demographic issue. Here you go: http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtVty.jhtml?sw=population&itemNo=611419 2. What your #2 means is that you DO want to expel millions of Palestinians to the neighboring countries. Do you have any clue as to the kind of bloodbath would result from that kind of insane action? Are you seriously that hungry for another all-out war, a universal trade embargo and an explosion of internal terrorist activity? 3. No, they have not been rewarded. The intifadah has been the most disastrous Palestinian failure since Palestinians believed the neighboring countries and fled in 1948. See: http://aspectra.blogspot.com/2005/08/terrorist-failures.html Your #4. In Israel, your #4 contradicts your #5. There is no situation where Israeli Jews are assimilating themselves out of existence in Israel. Your #5. We are both, obviously. And there are a lot of secular Jews, who don't generally vote for your candidates. Your #6. Your idea of moral Judaism leaves me cold, Yishai. You want to expel 4 million Palestinians and you condone the anarchy and rioting of the hilltop youth who threw drain cleaner on Tsahal soldiers and police officers. Your brand of Judaism sounds to me a lot like the idea of Islam espoused by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard; violence and intimidation are okay, as long as you're doing it to someone else. Nobody needs your brand of moral Judaism, Yishai. Your #6: You might as well get used to the fact that there are Jews who care about the Jewish religion, and/or who care about the Jewish people, who think your policies are insane. Regarding your comments to Alex in Boston about the elections, the present government was formed in order to carry out the disengagement, and a majority of MKs have stood behind the government solely for the purpose of completing this disengagement despite all attempts to divert or distract them. You are perfectly aware of how parliamentary democracy works. Ariel Sharon's government would not have survived without the support of the majority of the Knesset. You keep screaming about anti-democracy etc. but all you guys ever had to do was convince your elected representatives to reject the disengagement. ;-) Mostly, instead, you annoyed your fellow citizens, incited twisted idiots to twisted acts of violent vengeance and then RIOTED when all else failed and tried to severely injure or kill the soldiers who protect your lives and the police who maintain the law. These were not the acts of a respectable majority; they were the acts of fringe criminals. G-d forbid these people should come to power anywhere.

There is a difference between valuing Judaism and being ruled by right-wing fanatics. As Yishai pointed out, Jews are a nation as well as a religion. Israelis include non-Jews. And even religious Jews are not a uniform group. Government by religious fanatics has proved time and again to be a disaster, not only for non-Jews but for Jews as well, and for the religious people as much as for the secularists. One reason for this is that fanatics such as our dear Yishai close their eyes to reality if it disagrees with their beliefs, rather than considering the possibility that they might be wrong. Another reason is that no matter how valid your beliefs are, and I am sure that your beliefs are quite reasonable and valid, Yitzchak, fanatics are unable to stomach the opposition that you present simply by airing those beliefs. Israel is a Jewish state. It is also a democratic state, and a free state. If it loses any of these aspects, it will no longer be the beating heart of the Jewish people.

"We are returning to our land, and we will be returning to ourselves and our G-d; sooner than you all realize." We must return to G-d *first*. 'Condemnation of and segregation from anything connected to or affiliated with the so-called modern day "State of Israel" is based on the Talmud, the key fundamental doctrine of the Oral Tradition handed down by G-d to Moses on Mt Sinai. The Talmud in Tractate Kesubos p 111a, teaches that Jews shall not use human force to bring about the establishment of a Jewish state before the coming of the universally accepted Moshiach Messiah from the House of David. Furthermore it states that we are forbidden to rebel against the nations and that we should remain loyal citizens and we shall not attempt to leave the exile which G-d sent us into, ahead of time ..' http://www.nkusa.org/AboutUs/index.cfm http://www.come-and-hear.com/kethuboth/kethuboth_111.html