Alexander Yannai the last Hasmonean king died in 76 BCE. In 63 BCE Pompey invaded and annexed Palestine to the Roman Empire. Herod overthrew the Hasmonean Antigonus in a three-year-long war between 40 and 37 BCE, ruled under Roman overlordship until his death ca. 4 BCE. Herod's fear of his rivals, the Hasmoneans, led him to execute all of the prominent members of the family, including Mariamne, his wife.