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Rabbi: Jews should know New Testament

Reform rabbi says time has come to break 'self-imposed ignorance' about Christian bible; conservative and orthodox movements: matter so simple

A major work with Jewish roots is usually missing from everyone's list: the New Testament.

 

Most Jews shun Christian Scripture. As a result, they can't answer Christians who ask why Jews don't accept Jesus as the Messiah.

 

Now, Reform Rabbi Michael J. Cook says this "self-imposed ignorance" is dangerous.

 

At a time when many Christians are embracing the Jewish origins of their faith, holding Pesach seder dinners before Easter, Cook says he has taken on the "Herculean task" of convincing Jews they must learn how the Gospels molded Christian attitudes toward Judaism.

 

"The New Testament is the greatest single external determinant of Jewish history, and deleteriously so in its causing Jews grievous problems," said Cook, who holds the unusual job of New Testament professor at the Reform movement's rabbinical school, Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati.

 

In a book he plans to publish next year, "Modern Jews Engage the New Testament," he will present an education plan for how Jews can learn enough to answer "why they process it differently from Christians."

 

Many benefits

 

Many scholars agree that Jews would benefit from studying the Christian texts.

 

They say it could improve interfaith relations, especially on the local level where rabbis are expected to work with fellow clergy from other denominations. It also would help when public debates arise - like the controversy about how Jews were depicted in the Mel Gibson movie, "The Passion of the Christ."

 

Many outsiders viewed Jewish objections to the film as an affront to Christianity, damaging relations between the two faiths. Cook said most Jews had no idea how to explain their concerns about the script - even to their own children.

 

However, the scholars also say there are too many other pressing issues in Jewish education - including the increasing assimilation of Jews - to make New Testament learning a priority.

 

Conservative approach

 

Burt Visostsky, a longtime professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary, the flagship institution for Conservative Judaism, said many rabbinical students enroll at the seminary without strong backgrounds in their own religion - let alone Christianity and other faiths.

 

"In an ideal world, of course we'd train our students to know something about Christianity and also Islam," said Visostsky, who teaches Midrash and inter-religious studies. "But where is it on the triage list? I'm afraid not very high."

 

Jewish aversion to the New Testament is rooted in both religious law and historical experience.

 

Some passages in early rabbinic literature bar Jews from reading the Gospels, Cook said. The Talmud, the 2,000-year-old compilation of Jewish law, reinforces this point by prohibiting Jews from saving the Gospels from a fire even though the name of God is written in them, said Jacob Neusner, a Bard College professor and expert on Judaism and Christianity.

 

Jewish resentment

 

Jewish resentment grew over the centuries as Christians used the New Testament to try to convert Jews - either through evangelism or by force during the Crusades and other violent periods. The belief, derived from the New Testament, that Jews are collectively responsible for the death of Jesus has now been rejected by the Roman Catholic Church and some other denominations, but the idea persists among many Christians to this day.

 

"The New Testament historically has been a book that has been thrown in the face of Jews," said Rabbi James Rudin, the inter-religious adviser for the American Jewish Committee, who agrees that Jews need to study the Gospels.

 

"As the years have gone by, it has been seen as the Scripture of the `other' and the other has always been perceived, until recently, as a hostile group trying to subvert or replace Jews and Judaism."

 

Completely absent

 

Presently, the text is almost completely absent from coursework for rabbinical candidates, students at American Jewish colleges and the many young people enrolled in Jewish high schools.

 

Rabbinical students who study the Hellenistic period learn some history of the New Testament. The Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Pennsylvania requires a course in Christian history that includes reading the Gospels.

 

Still, Cook says he is the only full professor of New Testament at an American Jewish seminary, and Hebrew Union College is the only seminary requiring technical study of the Gospels for ordination.

 

Orthodox resistance

 

The idea of New Testament study faces the greatest resistance in Orthodox schools, which strive to provide a liberal arts education within the bounds of a strict reading of Jewish law.

 

Rabbi Shalom Carmy, an expert on biblical thought at Yeshiva University in New York, said the New Testament is part of an undergraduate course in medieval and modern literature, but some students are uncomfortable learning about the Christian text and skip the lectures.

 

"The highest priority for a believing Jew is the study of Torah and the fulfillment of the mitzvot," he said. "The study of other religions and cultures may be a source of psychological insight and may help us better to understand others. But these goals are ancillary."

 

Cook says he understands these arguments, but ultimately rejects them, contending it is illogical for Jews who so heavily emphasize education to ignore such an important text. He called lack of knowledge about the New Testament the Jewish "Achilles' heel."

 

"Once Jews catch on to this, most will recognize how valuable this venture can be," Cook said, "and how ... damaging has been their self-imposed taboo."

 


פרסום ראשון: 04.09.06, 09:15
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