The World's Oldest Bible (Photo: AP/British Museum)

World's oldest bible on show at British Museum

Exhibition entitled 'Egypt: faith after the pharaohs' tracks evolution of religion from 30 BCE to 1171 ACE; Medieval Jewish letters from Cairo Geniza are also on exhibit

AFP|Published: 10.30.15 , 11:15

The world's oldest bible is among 200 objects tracing Egypt's religious evolution in an exhibition at London's British Museum, which opens Friday and spans the 1,200 years after Cleopatra's death.

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Titled "Egypt: faith after the pharaohs", the exhibition covers 12 centuries, from the country's integration into the Roman Empire in 30 BC to the fall of the Islamic Fatimid dynasty in 1171.

Jewish Treasure

'Indiana Jones' of the Cairo Genizah

Tali Farkash

As many as 200,000 Jewish manuscripts, some more than 1,000 years old, comprise the most important Jewish treasure of the century. Prof. Stefan Reif of the University of Cambridge, who exposed Cairo Genizah and its discoveries to the world, tells Ynet about the revolution it created in the perception of Judaism.

'Indiana Jones' of the Cairo Genizah

One of the highlights is part of the 4th century Codex Sinaiticus, a book written in Greek on animal skin by monks on Mount Sinai, and which contains the oldest complete copy of the New Testament.

"It is without question the most important book in Britain. It is a remarkable chance to see it in the context of the world in which it was made," said British Museum director Neil MacGregor.

The exhibition shows how Christian, Jewish and Muslim communities reinterpreted Egypt's pharaonic past and shows that they were far from segregated, with one document outlining a lease agreement between two Christian nuns and a Jew.

Letters from the Cario Geniza, which were found in the storeroom of the Ben Ezra Synagogue, dating from between the 11th and 13th centuries, written in Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic, Aramaic and Arabic, are part of the exhibition, having originally been earmarked for disposal hundreds of years ago.

The texts suggest a thriving Jewish community with international links from Spain to India and give an insight into wider mediaeval Mediterranean society.

The curators also highlight how monotheistic faiths developed - sometimes practices related to pagan worship and polytheistic beliefs, such as the casting of spells, were incorporated into the new faith.

"The idea that religion is something with clear boundaries distinguishing people from their neighbours is simply not what was happening there. It was a world where many people believed in many things," MacGregor said.

Door curtains from the 6th to 7th century featuring winged Victories holding a jewelled cross illustrate the fusion of classical and Christian motifs.

Other exhibits, trawled from the rubbish heaps of ancient and medieval towns, are less dramatic but also shed light on Egypt's religious past.