Many of us associate depression with dramatic events such as bereavement, illness or a personal crisis. But reality is far more complex. Sometimes, situations that appear positive, routine or even joyful can trigger a profound emotional process that, in some cases, develops into depression.
Understanding this is particularly important because the earlier we identify potential risk factors, the sooner we can offer support and treatment, before emotional distress develops into a clinical disorder.
Why depression can appear when everything seems fine
(Photo: Shutterstock)
Even positive changes can take a toll
Moving to a new home, receiving a promotion at work, getting married, having a baby or retiring are all events generally viewed as positive. Yet any major life change requires adaptation. When the body and brain are under prolonged pressure to adjust, even a welcome change can become a source of stress and affect our mood.
The period surrounding childbirth
Childbirth is considered a joyful event, which is precisely why difficulties during this period can sometimes go unnoticed. Perinatal depression is far more common than many people realize and affects a significant proportion of women. It is not limited to the first few days after delivery and can develop months later.
A combination of hormonal changes, accumulated sleep deprivation and emotional strain creates a period of increased vulnerability. It is also important to recognize that partners can experience similar symptoms, and that seeking help is not a sign of failure as a parent.
Loneliness — even when you're surrounded by people
One of the most striking phenomena of the past decade has been the growing recognition of loneliness. A person can be surrounded by family, friends or colleagues and still feel emotionally disconnected.
Recent research reviews indicate that prolonged loneliness is not merely an unpleasant feeling. It is a significant risk factor for depression and has also been linked to measurable effects on physical health and life expectancy.
Chronic stress that doesn't feel like stress
Not all stress comes in the form of a dramatic event. Sometimes it is the result of ongoing burnout: pressure at work, caring for aging parents, raising children, financial uncertainty or persistent security concerns.
When the brain remains in a state of heightened alertness for an extended period, its ability to regulate emotional systems may gradually become impaired.
Sleep problems — not just a symptom
Many people view poor sleep as a temporary nuisance. In reality, the relationship between sleep and depression goes both ways. Sleep deprivation can increase the risk of depression, while depression can further impair sleep quality.
For this reason, treating sleep disorders can sometimes be an integral part of mental health treatment.
The seasons and lack of sunlight
Few people immediately associate the weather with their mental health. Yet for some, the transition into the winter months is accompanied by a persistent decline in energy, an increased need for sleep and a sense of emotional heaviness.
One widely accepted explanation links this pattern to changes in exposure to light and its effect on the body's biological clock. When this pattern returns year after year and affects daily functioning, it deserves attention rather than being dismissed as simply a "tough winter."
Chronic illness and persistent pain
When a person lives with chronic pain, diabetes, heart disease or neurological conditions, quality of life can be significantly affected.
The combination of pain, physical limitations and emotional strain increases the risk of developing depression. In some cases, depression itself can make it more difficult to cope with the underlying illness.
Medications taken for an entirely different reason
This may be one of the least familiar potential triggers. Certain medications prescribed for conditions unrelated to mental health — including corticosteroids, some blood-pressure medications and certain dermatological treatments — can affect mood in some patients.
It is important to emphasize that medication should never be discontinued without medical advice. However, if a noticeable change in mood occurs soon after starting a new medication, it is worth discussing it with your doctor.
Alcohol and other substances
Many people try to "self-medicate" with alcohol or other substances in an attempt to relieve anxiety, stress or sadness. While they may provide temporary relief, alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, and over time, substance use can actually worsen depression and make recovery more difficult.
When is it time to stop and ask for help?
When feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, low energy or hopelessness persist for more than two weeks and begin to interfere with daily functioning, it is important to seek professional help.
Depression is a medical condition — not a sign of weakness or personal failure.
Prof. Itamar Grotto Photo: Shahar AzranIf thoughts of self-harm arise, do not wait. Seek immediate help from a doctor, an emergency department or a 24-hour support service.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying depression and in developing new treatment approaches for patients who do not respond adequately to existing therapies. Alongside medication, psychotherapy and lifestyle changes, research continues to explore innovative approaches that may eventually expand treatment options for people who need them.
The more we understand that depression does not always result from a single dramatic event, but can sometimes develop gradually from everyday circumstances that appear "normal," the better equipped we will be to recognize the warning signs early, reduce stigma and encourage more people to seek help.
- Prof. Itamar Grotto is a public health expert and chairman of PSYRX.
First published: 20:21, 08.10.26