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Understanding Parkinson’s disease—symptoms, risk factors and prevention

It can start with neck pain, a tremor in the arms, slowed movement or other subtle signs; while a family history of Parkinson’s slightly increases the risk, the exact cause remains unclear; here’s what to know about the disease and its early warning signs

Dr. Simon Israeli-Koren|
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, chronic neurological disorder that affects movement, coordination and motor control.
While the exact causes remain unknown, the disease is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Though non-contagious and largely non-hereditary, those with a family history of Parkinson’s may have a slightly elevated risk of developing the condition.
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אלצהיימר
אלצהיימר
(Photo: Shutterstock)
Recognizing the symptoms
Parkinson’s symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time, varying from patient to patient. The three primary indicators include:
  • Slowness of movement (bradykinesia) – Delayed or impaired motor functions, making routine tasks more difficult.
  • Tremors – Usually starting in one hand or arm, especially at rest, but decreasing with movement. However, about 30% of patients do not experience tremors.
  • Muscle rigidity – Stiffness and pain that can restrict mobility and daily activities.
Reducing the risk
Although Parkinson’s cannot be entirely prevented, research suggests that certain lifestyle choices may help lower the risk. These include:
  • Engaging in regular physical activity (30 minutes of moderate exercise daily and strength training twice a week).
  • Maintaining a healthy diet, rich in fiber, hydration and essential vitamins like B-12 and folic acid.
  • Avoiding exposure to pesticides and toxic chemicals.
  • Ensuring adequate sleep (7-9 hours per night).
  • Staying mentally and socially active by learning new skills and engaging in social interactions.
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Living with Parkinson’s
Patients who remain physically and mentally engaged tend to cope better with the disease. Neurologists emphasize the importance of staying active—whether through exercise, hobbies or community involvement. One notable case involved a patient who took up dance despite his diagnosis, transforming his struggle into a source of strength and joy.
For those diagnosed with Parkinson’s or at higher risk, specialists recommend seeking emotional and practical support from family and medical professionals, embracing a proactive lifestyle and maintaining a positive outlook. Willpower plays a key role in managing the disease.
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